Image by Joel Sartore

Greenfin Darter | Nothonotus chlorobranchium

The Greenfin Darter thrives in the cool, fast-flowing streams and rivers in North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. During spawning season, its fins are colored with a brilliant green, and some populations in the upper Nolichucky River basin even display orange bellies and throats.

Status: IUCN: Least Concern

CFI Status: Propagated at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville in partnership with CFI from 2023-2025 for propagation protocols and research (What do these terms mean?)

  • CFI was excited to have partnered with The University of Tennessee, Knoxville and the University of Texas at San Antonio to study this species. The Greenfin Darter served as a surrogate in research examining how similar fish species may respond to climate change. As a high-elevation species, where the climate is generally cooler in comparison, it may be more sensitive to rising temperatures than its low-elevation relative, the Redline Darter

    As with many of our other projects, CFI collected broodstock from the wild to bring back for captive propagation. While collecting Greenfin Darters in North Carolina’s South Toe River, we found them to be the most common darter in the area. This is note an area that we often sample or monitor, so it was interesting to see who the dominant darter was in that space. When we brought the Greenfin Darters back, we were pleased to see that they adapted well to captivity and showed quite a bit of personality.

    This project, running from 2023 to 2025, focused on understanding how high-elevation and low-elevation fish species adapt to changing water temperatures. CFI’s role was to produce and grow-out fish for these studies, where they were then exposed to various climate conditions for the research project. We noticed that their young grew surprisingly fast, even in the cooler waters they prefer. This was interesting to observe since we typically see fish growing quickly in warmer temperatures, given that warmer temperatures can increase feeding motivation. We are proud to have contributed to research that could have far-reaching impacts on aquatic ecosystems and climate resilience.

Occurs only in the upper Tennessee River drainage from Watauga River to Hiwassee River systems in VA, NC, TN, and GA

Native Range

Threats

Climate change and deforestation. What do these terms mean?

Spawning Habitat Preferences: Spring-early summer spawners in small-moderate streams with moderate-high flow; eggs are buried in sand/gravel substrate

Relevant Literature: Erosion of heterogeneous rock drives diversification of Appalachian fishes

In Partnership With: National Science Foundation, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and The University of Texas at San Antonio

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Goldstripe Darter

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Kentucky Arrow Darter